Uploading code to an STM32 ARM µC is a bit of a chicken-and-egg problem. The traditional setup uses JTAG (or more likely: 2-wire SWD), but this requires a JTAG programmer such as an ST-Link or a Black Magic Probe.
As you will know by now, all STM32 µC’s also include a serial boot loader in ROM, which requires toggling the RESET and BOOT0 pins in just the right sequence. You can do this manually, but that can become very tedious after a few times.
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